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Argumentation vs Action
It is reported that Ma’rûf Al-Karkhî – Allâh have mercy on him – said:
When Allâh chooses good for a person He opens the door to action for him, and closes the door to argumentation; and when Allâh chooses evil for a person he opens the door of argumentation and closes the door to action.
Al-Khatîb Al-Baghdâdî, Iqtdâ Al-‘Ilm Al-‘Amal, article 123.
Al-Awzâ’î: Allâh is above His ‘Arsh
Imâm Al-Awzâ’î – Allâh have mercy on him – said:
We used to say – while the Tâbi’ûn were abundant – that Allâh is above his ‘Arsh (Throne), and we believe in what is present in the Sunnah about His attributes.
Al-Baihaqî, Al-Asmâ` wa Al-Sifât and Al-Dhahabî, Siyar A’lâm Al-Nubalâ` in his biography of Al-Awzâ’î.
In Majmû’ Al-Fatâwâ, Shaykh Al-Islâm Ibn Taymîyah says that this narration is reported by Al-Baihaqî in Al-Asmâ` wa Al-Sifât with a sahîh chain of narrations. He then states, “Al-Awzâ’î here cited – and he is one of the four great imâms of the period of the Tâbi’ Al-Tâbi’în (the students of the students of the Companions): Mâlik, imâm of the people of Al-Hijâz; Al-Awzâ’î, imâm of the people of Shâm; Al-Layth, imâm of the people of Egypt and Al-Thawrî, imâm of the people of ‘Irâq – Al-Awzâ’î here cited that belief in Allâh being above the Throne and in His other revealed attributes was well known and widespread in the period of the Tâbi’în. He said this following the emergence of the creed of Jahm, who denied that Allâh is above His Throne and negated His attributes, so that people would know that the creed of the Salaf was contrary to this.”
Characterless
It is reported from ‘Abdullâh b. Mas’ûd – Allâh be pleased with him – that he said:
“One should get used to the idea that if everyone on Earth disbelieved, you would not disbelieve. Do not be an im’ah (characterless).” He was asked, “And what is an im’ah?” He replied, “A person who says, ‘I am with the people (I do what they do).’ Verily, there is to be no following examples in evil.”
Ibn Battah, Al-Ibânah Al-Kubrâ Vol.1 p33.
They All Feared Hypocrisy
Ibn Abî Mulaykah – Allah have mercy on him – said:
I met thirty of the Prophet’s Companions – Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him – and every one of them feared falling into nifâq (hypocrisy); not one of them claimed he had the level of faith of Jibrîl or Mîkâ`îl.
Quoted by Al-Bukhârî, Al-Sahîh, Chapter on the believer fearing that his deeds will be nullified without him realizing.
In this chapter and narration there is a refutation of the Murji`ah sect who claimed that îmân (faith) consists of belief in the heart and nothing else i.e. a person’s deeds are not part of his faith and do not affect it.
This narration indicates that a person may perform deeds in which his intention may not be totally pure and sincere and because of which he falls into a type of practical hypocrisy.
The fact that they feared hypocrisy does not mean they actually fell into it. Rather this was by way of them being very careful not to fall into it, and it is part of their taqwâ – Allah be pleased with them.
This narration also indicates that the Companions believed that people can have different levels of faith, contrary to the Murji`ah who claimed that the îmân of the most pious true believers is the same as everyone else.
Nothing contrary to any of this has been related from the Companions, so it is as if there is a consensus (ijmâ’) amongst them on this.
The following are some of the illustrious Companions Ibn Abî Mulaykah met:
· ‘Alî b. Abî Tâlib
· Sa’d b. Abî Waqqâs
· Mother of the Believers ‘Â`ishah
· Her sister Asmâ`
· Mother of the Believers Umm Salamah
· ‘Abdullah b. Mas’ûd
· ‘Abdullah b. ‘Umar
· ‘Abdullah b. ‘Abbâs
· ‘Abdullah b. Al-Zubayr
· Abû Hurayrah
· ‘Uqbah b. Al-Hârith
· Miswar b. Mikhramah
Allah be pleased with them all.
These notes have been summarized from Fath Al-Bârî.
Imâm Al-Shâfi’î: Evidence that the Believers will see their Lord
Abû Ibrâhîm Al-Muzanî, the companion of Imâm Al-Shâfi’î reports:
I heard Al-Shâfi’î comment on the statement of Allah:
Nay, they (the unbelievers) will be on that day veiled from their Lord. [Al-Mutaffifîn: 15]
He said, “In this verse there is evidence that the awliyâ` of Allah (His beloved righteous worshippers) will see their Lord on the Day of Resurrection.”
Al-Lâlakâ`î in Sharh Usûl I’tiqâd Ahl Al-Sunnah wa Al-Jamâ’ah Vol.2 p309.
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